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Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
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Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
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Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
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Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
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Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
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Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
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W.L. Davis-Deardorff Mine, Ozark-Mahoning group, Cave-in-Rock Sub-District, Hardin County, Illinois, USA
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W.L. Davis-Deardorff Mine, O -
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca District, Dos de Mayo Province, Huánuco Department, Peru
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca Dis -
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca District, Dos de Mayo Province, Huánuco Department, Peru
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca Dis -
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca District, Dos de Mayo Province, Huánuco Department, Peru
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca Dis -
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca District, Dos de Mayo Province, Huánuco Department, Peru
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca Dis -
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca District, Dos de Mayo Province, Huánuco Department, Peru
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca Dis -
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca District, Dos de Mayo Province, Huánuco Department, Peru
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca Dis -
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca District, Dos de Mayo Province, Huánuco Department, Peru
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca Dis -
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca District, Dos de Mayo Province, Huánuco Department, Peru
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca District, Dos de Mayo Province, Huánuco Department, Peru
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca District, Dos de Mayo Province, Huánuco Department, Peru
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca Dis -
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca District, Dos de Mayo Province, Huánuco Department, Peru
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Huanzala Mine, Huallanca Dis -
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El Desierto Mine, San Pablo de Napa, Daniel Campos Province, Potosà Department, Bolivia
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El Desierto Mine, San Pablo -
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El Desierto Mine, San Pablo de Napa, Daniel Campos Province, Potosà Department, Bolivia
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El Desierto Mine, San Pablo -
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El Desierto Mine, San Pablo de Napa, Daniel Campos Province, Potosà Department, Bolivia
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El Desierto Mine, San Pablo -
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Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu Mare, Romania
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Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, Romania
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Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu Mare, Romania
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Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu Mare, Romania
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Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu Mare, Romania
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Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oa -
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Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu Mare, Romania
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Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oa -
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Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu Mare, Romania
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Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oa -
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Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu Mare, Romania
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Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oa -
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Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu Mare, Romania
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Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu Mare, Romania
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Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu Mare, Romania
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Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu Mare, Romania
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Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oa -
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Bou Nahas Mine, Oumjrane mining area, Alnif Commune, Tinghir Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco
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Bou Nahas Mine, Oumjrane mining area, Alnif Commune, Tinghir Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco
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Bou Nahas Mine, Oumjrane mining area, Alnif Commune, Tinghir Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco
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Musonoi Mine, Kolwezi, Kolwezi District, Lualaba, Katanga Copper Crescent, Katanga (Shaba), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire)
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Musonoi Mine, Kolwezi, Kolwezi District, Lualaba, Katanga Copper Crescent, Katanga (Shaba), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire)
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Musonoi Mine, Kolwezi, Kolwe -
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Burra, Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, Australia
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Burra, Mount Lofty Ranges, S -
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Burra, Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, Australia
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Burra, Mount Lofty Ranges, S -
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Burra, Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, Australia
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Burra, Mount Lofty Ranges, S -
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Elmwood Mine, Carthage, Central Tennessee Ba-F-Pb-Zn District, Smith County, Tennessee, USA
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Elmwood Mine, Carthage, Cent -
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Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
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Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Mun -
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Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
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Goose Green Mine, Frizington, Arlecdon & Frizington, Copeland, West Cumberland Iron Field, former Cumberland, Cumbria, England / United Kingdom
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Goose Green Mine, Frizington -
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Lubin Mine, Lubin, Lubin District, Legnica, Lower Silesia, Poland
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Lubin Mine, Lubin, Lubin Dis -
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Lubin Mine, Lubin, Lubin District, Legnica, Lower Silesia, Poland
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Lubin Mine, Lubin, Lubin Dis -
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Rio Mine (Rio Marina Mine), Valle Giove stope, Rio Marina, Elba Island, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
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Rio Mine (Rio Marina Mine), -
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Rio Mine (Rio Marina Mine), Valle Giove stope, Rio Marina, Elba Island, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
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Rio Mine (Rio Marina Mine), -
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Quiruvilca Mine (La Libertad Mine), Quiruvilca District, Santiago de Chuco Province, La Libertad Department, Peru
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Quiruvilca Mine (La Libertad -
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Huanuni Mine, Huanuni, Dalence Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia
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Huanuni Mine, Huanuni, Dalen -
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Huanuni Mine, Huanuni, Dalence Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia
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Huanuni Mine, Huanuni, Dalen -
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Huanuni Mine, Huanuni, Dalence Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia
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Huanuni Mine, Huanuni, Dalen -
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Huanuni Mine, Huanuni, Dalence Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia
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Huanuni Mine, Huanuni, Dalen -
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Huanuni Mine, Huanuni, Dalence Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia
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Huanuni Mine, Huanuni, Dalen -
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Huanuni Mine, Huanuni, Dalence Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia
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Huanuni Mine, Huanuni, Dalen -
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Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia
(Author: silvia)-
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubtsovsky -
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Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, Romania
(Author: silvia)-
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining a -
0 - Uraninite on the Alligator.jpg (Author: silvia)
0 - Uraninite on the Alligator.jpg
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03 - BROCHANTITE A POEM 2.jpg (Author: silvia)
03 - BROCHANTITE A POEM 2.jpg
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Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
(Author: silvia)03 - MALACHITE AFTER AZURITE - A P
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Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
(Author: silvia)03 - MILPILLAS AZURITE - A POEM 4.
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1 - SILVIA’S COLLECTION PHOTO .jpg (Author: silvia)
1 - SILVIA’S COLLECTION PHOT
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Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
(Author: silvia)3 - MILPILASS’ AZURE KISS.jp
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Mashamba West Mine, Kolwezi District, Lualaba, Katanga Copper Crescent, Katanga (Shaba), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire)
(Author: silvia)Aerial photo of the main Sicomines
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Aerial Photograph of the El Sherana Mine
Shown is an aerial photograph of the current status of the El Sherana mine. Visible is the camp containing a few derelict buildings. The main open cut is still intact but some areas of the open cut appear to be filled in by natural erosion of the surrounding terrain. Though the area was said to have been ‘rehabilitated’ sometime in the late 80’s or early 90’s the aerial photograph indicates that this was either not done or the work was sub-standard.
The El Sherana west open cut is still visible, but not as well-defined as seen in a photograph taken in 1963 by UUNL. The area is now overgrown with new and abundant vegetation, which I think, might have a fondness for Uranium. It is also likely that the area may have succumbed to subsidence or natural erosion of the benches. There are no records indicating that UUNL filled in the west open cut after the mine was put on care and maintenance in 1964. Photographs taken by BHP in the late 80’s show that the open cut was heavily overgrown with new flora native to the South Alligator River valley region. According to BHP staff (private communication) the open cuts provided many good homes for the abundant native fauna. Crocodiles you ask, most likely, but who knows?
The site of the Uranium Processing plant some 2 kilometres SE of the main camp (not shown in the above aerial photograph) was covered in soil in the late 80’s or early 90’s. The buildings on the site were demolished and the remains buried. This attempt to ‘rehabilitate’ can be seen in aerial photographs but it would appear that even here the mine is fighting back.
Height above sea level for some locations is given in metres.
Main open Cut Digital GPS location: -13.50932, 132.52067 (Author: silvia)
Aerial Photograph of the El Sheran
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Rocklands Mine, Cloncurry, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
(Author: silvia)Aerial photograph showing detailed
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Mashamba West Mine, Kolwezi District, Lualaba, Katanga Copper Crescent, Katanga (Shaba), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire)
(Author: silvia)An aerial photo of the Kolwezi min
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AN ODE TO MILPILLAS – OH MILPILLAS!
The Milpillas Mine stands as a powerful testament to the remarkable capabilities and unwavering dedication of the Mexican people and their industry. Far more than just a mining operation, it represents the successful creation of a world-class facility, born from a blend of innovative engineering, strategic vision, and sheer determination.
From the outset, the project faced formidable challenges. The Milpillas deposit, rich in high-grade Copper, was hidden beneath a significant overburden of water-saturated alluvial sediments, demanding sophisticated and persistent efforts to access and extract the valuable ore. This wasn’t a simple excavation; it required a deep understanding of complex geology and the implementation of cutting-edge underground mining techniques. The Mexican teams, led by companies like Industrias Peñoles, rose to this challenge with exceptional skill and ingenuity.
Their ingenuity was evident in every phase of the mine’s development and operation. Overcoming severe flooding issues, they deployed efficient pumping systems that not only kept the project on track but also demonstrated a commitment to environmental responsibility. Furthermore, the continuous optimization of operational efficiency dramatically improved equipment availability and reduced maintenance downtime. This meticulous attention to detail, leading to increased safety for personnel and significant cost reductions, showcases a culture of continuous improvement and operational excellence.
Beyond the technical prowess, Milpillas also embodies a forward-thinking approach to sustainability. The integration of a large solar thermal plant to power the mine, replacing diesel and significantly reducing carbon emissions, positioned Milpillas as a global reference in renewable energy use within the mining sector. This demonstrated a profound commitment to responsible resource management and a proactive stance on environmental stewardship.
The mine’s success wasn’t just measured in Copper cathodes produced, but also in the world-renowned mineral specimens it yielded, attracting global attention to Mexico’s rich mineralogical heritage. This dual achievement — economic output and scientific contribution — underscores the comprehensive excellence achieved at Milpillas.
In essence, the Milpillas Mine is a vibrant example of how Mexican industry, through its skilled workforce, visionary leadership, and embrace of advanced technology, can transform complex geological challenges into a highly efficient, sustainable, and globally recognized mining enterprise. It stands as a proud symbol of the Mexican people, their diligence and their industrial achievement on the world stage. (Author: silvia)
AN ODE TO MILPILLAS – OH MILPILLAS
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Arsenic
Quiruvilca Mine (La Libertad Mine), Quiruvilca District, Santiago de Chuco Province, La Libertad Department, Peru
13 cm x 8 cm x 2 cm (Author: silvia)Arsenic
Quiruvilca Mine (La Li -
Arsenic
Quiruvilca Mine (La Libertad Mine), Quiruvilca District, Santiago de Chuco Province, La Libertad Department, Peru
13 cm x 8 cm x 2 cm (Author: silvia)Arsenic
Quiruvilca Mine (La Li -
Arsenic
Quiruvilca Mine (La Libertad Mine), Quiruvilca District, Santiago de Chuco Province, La Libertad Department, Peru
13 cm x 8 cm x 2 cm (Author: silvia)Arsenic
Quiruvilca Mine (La Li -
Arsenic
Quiruvilca Mine (La Libertad Mine), Quiruvilca District, Santiago de Chuco Province, La Libertad Department, Peru
13 cm x 8 cm x 2 cm (Author: silvia)Arsenic
Quiruvilca Mine (La Li -
Arsenopyrite, Sphalerite, Siderite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
23 cm x 16 cm x 8cm (Author: silvia)Arsenopyrite, Sphalerite, Siderite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, -
Arsenopyrite, Sphalerite, Siderite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
23 cm x 16 cm x 8cm (Author: silvia)Arsenopyrite, Sphalerite, Siderite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, -
Arsenopyrite, Sphalerite, Siderite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
23 cm x 16 cm x 8cm (Author: silvia)Arsenopyrite, Sphalerite, Siderite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, -
Arsenopyrite, Sphalerite, Siderite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
23 cm x 16 cm x 8 cm (Author: silvia)Arsenopyrite, Sphalerite, Siderite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, -
Arsenopyrite, Sphalerite, Siderite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
23 cm x 16 cm x 8cm (Author: silvia)Arsenopyrite, Sphalerite, Siderite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, -
Arsenopyrite, Sphalerite, Siderite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
23 cm x 16 cm x 8cm (Author: silvia)Arsenopyrite, Sphalerite, Siderite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, -
Arsenopyrite, Sphalerite, Siderite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
23 cm x 16 cm x 8cm (Author: silvia)Arsenopyrite, Sphalerite, Siderite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, -
Azurite with Malachite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
50 mm x 50 mm x 30 mm (Author: silvia)Azurite with Malachite
Milpill -
Azurite with Malachite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
50 mm x 50 mm x 30 mm (Author: silvia)Azurite with Malachite
Milpill -
Azurite
Bisbee, Warren District, Mule Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
120 mm x 100 mm x 30 mm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Bisbee, Warren Distric -
Azurite
Bisbee, Warren District, Mule Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
120 mm x 100 mm x 30 mm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Bisbee, Warren Distric -
Azurite
Bisbee, Warren District, Mule Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
120 mm x 100 mm x 30 mm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Bisbee, Warren Distric -
Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
90 mm x 70 mm x 40 mm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
90 mm x 70 mm x 40 mm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Azurite
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia
80 mm x 50 mm x 50 mm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubt -
Azurite
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia
80 mm x 50 mm x 50 mm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubt -
Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
8 cm x 6 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
8 cm x 6 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
8 cm x 6 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
8 cm x 6 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
8 cm x 6 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
8 cm x 6 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
8 cm x 6 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
6 cm x 3 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
6 cm x 3 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
(Author: silvia)Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
60 mm x 40 mm x 35 mm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
60 mm x 40 mm x 35 mm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
60 mm x 40 mm x 35 mm (Author: silvia)Azurite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Rocklands Mine, Cloncurry, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
(Author: silvia)Ball Mill. The name says it all -
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Baryte with Pyrite
Lubin Mine, Lubin, Lubin District, Legnica, Lower Silesia, Poland
120 mm x 80 mm x 80 mm (Author: silvia)Baryte with Pyrite
Lubin Mine, -
Baryte with Pyrite
Lubin Mine, Lubin, Lubin District, Legnica, Lower Silesia, Poland
120 mm x 80 mm x 80 mm (Author: silvia)Baryte with Pyrite
Lubin Mine, -
Baryte with Pyrite
Lubin Mine, Lubin, Lubin District, Legnica, Lower Silesia, Poland
120 mm x 80 mm x 80 mm (Author: silvia)Baryte with Pyrite
Lubin Mine, -
Baryte with Pyrite
Lubin Mine, Lubin, Lubin District, Legnica, Lower Silesia, Poland
120 mm x 80 mm x 80 mm (Author: silvia)Baryte with Pyrite
Lubin Mine, -
Baryte, Quartz, Pyrite
Bou Nahas Mine, Oumjrane mining area, Alnif Commune, Tinghir Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco
120 mm x 90 mm x 70 mm (Author: silvia)Baryte, Quartz, Pyrite
Bou Nah -
Baryte, Quartz, Pyrite
Bou Nahas Mine, Oumjrane mining area, Alnif Commune, Tinghir Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco
120 mm x 90 mm x 70 mm (Author: silvia)Baryte, Quartz, Pyrite
Bou Nah -
Berthierite, Stibnite, Tetrahedrite
Herja Mine, Chiuzbaia, Baia Sprie, Maramures, Romania
16 cm x 14 cm x 7 cm (Author: silvia)Berthierite, Stibnite, Tetrahedrite
Herja Mine, Chiuzbaia, Baia Sprie, Maramures, R -
Berthierite, Stibnite, Tetrahedrite
Herja Mine, Chiuzbaia, Baia Sprie, Maramures, Romania
16 cm x 14 cm x 7 cm (Author: silvia)Berthierite, Stibnite, Tetrahedrite
Herja Mine, Chiuzbaia, Baia Sprie, Maramures, R -
Berthierite, Stibnite, Tetrahedrite
Herja Mine, Chiuzbaia, Baia Sprie, Maramures, Romania
16 cm x 14 cm x 7 cm (Author: silvia)Berthierite, Stibnite, Tetrahedrite
Herja Mine, Chiuzbaia, Baia Sprie, Maramures, R -
Berthierite, Stibnite, Tetrahedrite
Herja Mine, Chiuzbaia, Baia Sprie, Maramures, Romania
16 cm x 14 cm x 7 cm (Author: silvia)Berthierite, Stibnite, Tetrahedrite
Herja Mine, Chiuzbaia, Baia Sprie, Maramures, R -
Berthierite
Herja Mine, Chiuzbaia, Baia Sprie, Maramures, Romania
8 cm x 4 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Berthierite
Herja Mine, Chiuzb -
Berthierite
Herja Mine, Chiuzbaia, Baia Sprie, Maramures, Romania
8 cm x 4 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Berthierite
Herja Mine, Chiuzb -
Berthierite
Herja Mine, Chiuzbaia, Baia Sprie, Maramures, Romania
8 cm x 4 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Berthierite
Herja Mine, Chiuzb -
Brochantite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
6 cm x 4 cm x 1 cm (Author: silvia)Brochantite
Milpillas Mine, Cu -
Brochantite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
6 cm x 4 cm x 1 cm (Author: silvia)Brochantite
Milpillas Mine, Cu -
Brochantite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
60 mm x 50 mm x 15 mm (Author: silvia)Brochantite
Milpillas Mine, Cu -
Brochantite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
60 mm x 50 mm x 15 mm (Author: silvia)Brochantite
Milpillas Mine, Cu -
Calcite, Quartz, Pyrite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, Romania
22 cm x 19 cm x 11 cm (Author: silvia)Calcite, Quartz, Pyrite
Boldut -
Calcite, Quartz, Pyrite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, Romania
22 cm x 19 cm x 11 cm (Author: silvia)Calcite, Quartz, Pyrite
Boldut -
Calcite, Quartz, Pyrite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, Romania
22 cm x 19 cm x 11 cm (Author: silvia)Calcite, Quartz, Pyrite
Boldut -
Calcite, Quartz, Pyrite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, Romania
22 cm x 19 cm x 11 cm (Author: silvia)Calcite, Quartz, Pyrite
Boldut -
Calcite-Dolomite, Marcasite, Arsenopyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
10 cm x 9 cm x 8 cm (Author: silvia)Calcite-Dolomite, Marcasite, Arsenopyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da -
Cassiterite, Arsenopyrite, Fluorapatite, Chalcopyrite, Muscovite
11 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm
(Author: silvia)
Cassiterite, Arsenopyrite, Fluorapatite, Chalcopyrite, Muscovite
-
Cassiterite, Arsenopyrite, Fluorapatite, Chalcopyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
11 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Arsenopyrite, Fluorapatite, Chalcopyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Bran -
Cassiterite, Arsenopyrite, Fluorapatite, Chalcopyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
11 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Arsenopyrite, Fluorapatite, Chalcopyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Bran -
Cassiterite, Arsenopyrite, Fluorapatite, Chalcopyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
11 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Arsenopyrite, Fluorapatite, Chalcopyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Bran -
Cassiterite, Arsenopyrite, Fluorapatite, Chalcopyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
11 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Arsenopyrite, Fluorapatite, Chalcopyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Bran -
Cassiterite, Arsenopyrite, Fluorapatite, Chalcopyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
11 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Arsenopyrite, Fluorapatite, Chalcopyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Bran -
Cassiterite, Muscovite, Pyrite, Marcasite, Quartz
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
7 cm x 6 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Muscovite, Pyrite, Marcasite, Quartz
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Bei -
Cassiterite, Muscovite, Pyrite, Marcasite, Quartz
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
7 cm x 6 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Muscovite, Pyrite, Marcasite, Quartz
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Bei -
Cassiterite, Muscovite, Pyrite, Marcasite, Quartz
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
7 cm x 6 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Muscovite, Pyrite, Marcasite, Quartz
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Bei -
Cassiterite, Muscovite, Pyrite, Marcasite, Quartz
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
7 cm x 6 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Muscovite, Pyrite, Marcasite, Quartz
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Bei -
Cassiterite, Muscovite, Pyrite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
(Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Muscovite, Pyrite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portuga -
Cassiterite, Muscovite, Pyrite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
35 mm x 25 mm x 15 mm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Muscovite, Pyrite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portuga -
Cassiterite, Muscovite, Pyrite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
35 mm x 25 mm x 15 mm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Muscovite, Pyrite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portuga -
Cassiterite, Pyrite, Arsenopyrite, Siderite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
6 cm x 4 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Pyrite, Arsenopyrite, Siderite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Ce -
Cassiterite, Pyrite, Arsenopyrite, Siderite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
6 cm x 4 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Pyrite, Arsenopyrite, Siderite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Ce -
Cassiterite, Pyrite, Arsenopyrite, Siderite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
6 cm x 4 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Pyrite, Arsenopyrite, Siderite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Ce -
Cassiterite, Pyrite, Arsenopyrite, Siderite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
6 cm x 4 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Pyrite, Arsenopyrite, Siderite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Ce -
Cassiterite, Quartz
14 cm x 13 cm x 7 cm
(Author: silvia)
Cassiterite, Quartz
-
Cassiterite, Quartz
Viloco Mine, Loayza Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia
14 cm x 13 cm x 7 cm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Quartz
Viloco Min -
Cassiterite, Quartz
Viloco Mine, Loayza Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia
14 cm x 13 cm x 7 cm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Quartz
Viloco Min -
Cassiterite, Quartz
Viloco Mine, Loayza Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia
14 cm x 13 cm x 7 cm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Quartz
Viloco Min -
Cassiterite, Quartz
Viloco Mine, Loayza Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia
14 cm x 13 cm x 7 cm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite, Quartz
Viloco Min -
Cassiterite
Huanuni Mine, Huanuni, Dalence Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia
150 mm x 110 mm x 70 mm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite
Huanuni Mine, Huan -
Cassiterite
Huanuni Mine, Huanuni, Dalence Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia
150 mm x 110 mm x 70 mm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite
Huanuni Mine, Huan -
Cassiterite
Huanuni Mine, Huanuni, Dalence Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia
150 mm x 110 mm x 70 mm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite
Huanuni Mine, Huan -
Cassiterite
Huanuni Mine, Huanuni, Dalence Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia
150 mm x 110 mm x 70 mm (Author: silvia)Cassiterite
Huanuni Mine, Huan -
Celestine
Sakoany deposit, Katsepy Commune, Mitsinjo District, Boeny Region, Mahajanga (Majunga) Province, Madagascar
150 mm x 120 mm x 90 mm (Author: silvia)Celestine
Sakoany deposit, Kat -
Celestine
Sakoany deposit, Katsepy Commune, Mitsinjo District, Boeny Region, Mahajanga (Majunga) Province, Madagascar
150 mm x 120 mm x 90 mm (Author: silvia)Celestine
Sakoany deposit, Kat -
Chalcopyrite, Galena, Sphalerite and Pyrite
Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu Mare, Romania
14 cm x 11 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Chalcopyrite, Galena, Sphalerite and Pyrite
Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu -
Chalcopyrite, Galena, Sphalerite and Pyrite
Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu Mare, Romania
14 cm x 11 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Chalcopyrite, Galena, Sphalerite and Pyrite
Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu -
Chalcopyrite, Galena, Sphalerite and Pyrite
Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu Mare, Romania
14 cm x 11 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Chalcopyrite, Galena, Sphalerite and Pyrite
Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu -
Chalcopyrite, Galena, Sphalerite and Pyrite
Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu Mare, Romania
14 cm x 11 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Chalcopyrite, Galena, Sphalerite and Pyrite
Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu -
Chalcopyrite, Galena, Sphalerite and Pyrite
Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu Mare, Romania
14 cm x 11 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Chalcopyrite, Galena, Sphalerite and Pyrite
Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu -
Chalcopyrite, Galena, Sphalerite and Pyrite
Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu Mare, Romania
14 cm x 11 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Chalcopyrite, Galena, Sphalerite and Pyrite
Turt Mine, Turt, Negresti-Oas, Oas Mountains, Satu -
Chalcopyrite, Quartz, Calcite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, Romania
16 cm x 15 cm x 7 cm (Author: silvia)Chalcopyrite, Quartz, Calcite
-
Chalcopyrite, Quartz, Calcite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, Romania
16 cm x 15 cm x 7 cm (Author: silvia)Chalcopyrite, Quartz, Calcite
-
Chalcopyrite, Quartz, Calcite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, Romania
16 cm x 15 cm x 7 cm (Author: silvia)Chalcopyrite, Quartz, Calcite
-
Chalcopyrite, Quartz, Calcite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, Romania
16 cm x 15 cm x 7 cm (Author: silvia)Chalcopyrite, Quartz, Calcite
-
Chalcostibite, Quartz, Tetrahedrite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, Romania
15 cm x 12 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Chalcostibite, Quartz, Tetrahedrite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, R -
Chalcostibite, Quartz, Tetrahedrite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, Romania
15 cm x 12 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Chalcostibite, Quartz, Tetrahedrite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, R -
Chalcostibite, Quartz, Tetrahedrite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, Romania
15 cm x 12 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Chalcostibite, Quartz, Tetrahedrite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, R -
Chalcostibite, Quartz, Tetrahedrite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, Romania
15 cm x 12 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Chalcostibite, Quartz, Tetrahedrite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, R -
Chalcostibite, Quartz, Tetrahedrite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, Romania
15 cm x 12 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Chalcostibite, Quartz, Tetrahedrite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, R -
Chalcostibite, Quartz, Tetrahedrite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, Romania
15 cm x 12 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Chalcostibite, Quartz, Tetrahedrite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, R -
Chalcostibite, Quartz, Tetrahedrite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, Romania
15 cm x 12 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Chalcostibite, Quartz, Tetrahedrite
Boldut Mine, Cavnic mining area, Cavnic, Maramures, R -
COPPER CATHODE PROCESSING
The journey of Copper from electrolyte to a marketable product culminates in the crucial post-electrowinning phase at the Copper cathode plant. Once the electrowinning cycle was complete, the cells yielded crude Copper cathodes – substantial Copper sheets adhering to reusable stainless steel blanks. The initial, highly mechanized step involved the precise removal of these Copper sheets. Automated stripping machines were employed, designed to efficiently peel the deposited Copper from the inert cathode blanks without damaging either the valuable Copper or the blanks, which were immediately returned to the electrolytic cells for reuse.
After separation, these raw Copper sheets, often referred to as full plates, underwent further refinement. They were then conveyed to a trimming station where hydraulic shears or guillotines cut them to precise, standardized dimensions. This sizing ensured uniformity for subsequent handling, packaging, and adherence to customer specifications. While the electrowinning process itself yielded high-purity Copper, a final surface preparation, usually a thorough rinse with demineralized water, was performed to remove any residual electrolyte, dust, or minor surface impurities. This step ensured the pristine quality and appearance of the final product.
Finally, the prepared Copper cathodes were systematically stacked. They were typically stacked horizontally, often on pallets, in precise numbers – commonly 20 to 50 sheets per stack, depending on the cathode thickness and desired bundle weight. These stacks were then bound with steel strapping, ready for weighing, quality inspection, and dispatch to various industries worldwide.
To transform these cathodes into various Copper products, they were subjected to further processing at facilities exterior to the mine. This usually involved melting the cathodes in a shaft furnace, followed by continuous casting and rolling. The molten Copper was cast into a suitable form, often a thick slab or strip, which was then passed through a series of rolling mills. This mechanical working reduced the thickness of the Copper, enhances its grain structure, and improved its mechanical properties; ultimately producing high-quality Copper sheets of the desired gauge and finish, maintaining the exceptional 99.99% purity.
Original photos courtesy of Salvador Rivera (Author: silvia)
COPPER CATHODE PROCESSING The jou
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COPPER RECOVER AND COPPER RICH SOLUTION
The images on the left showcase the heap leach pads, equipped with a sprinkler system, and the associated collection ponds containing the leached Copper solution. In the center, a simplified diagram illustrates the Copper extraction process. The upper photo on the right displays the solvent extraction plant (left) and the electrolytic plant (right). Finally, the bottom right-hand photo captures a Copper-rich solution just before it enters the second phase (stripping) at the solvent extraction plant – notice the stirrer assembly.
The heart of the hydrometallurgical process at Milpillas was heap leaching. On specially constructed, impermeable pads, the crushed ore was irrigated with a dilute sulfuric acid solution, known as the lixiviant. As the acid solution percolated through the ore pile, it selectively dissolved the Copper minerals, forming a Copper-rich solution called the pregnant leach solution (PLS). The efficiency of this stage depended on several factors, including the permeability of the ore heap, the concentration of the acid, and the contact time between the lixiviant and the Copper minerals. The Milpillas mine specifically targeted soluble Copper minerals, making heap leaching an ideal and cost-effective method for their extraction.
Following the leaching process, the pregnant leach solution, now laden with dissolved Copper, was directed to the solvent extraction (SX) plant. Solvent extraction is a purification and concentration step. In this stage, the PLS is mixed with an organic based solvent (i.e., alkyl Salicylaldoximes), which have a strong affinity for Copper ions. The Copper ions transfer from the aqueous PLS to the organic phase, leaving behind impurities in the aqueous phase now called the raffinate. This process effectively separates Copper from other undesirable elements that might have been leached from the ore. After the Copper is loaded into the organic solvent, the loaded organic phase is then stripped with a strong sulfuric acid solution, which reverses the process, transferring the concentrated Copper ions back into an aqueous solution. This resulting highly purified and concentrated Copper solution is known as the electrolyte. The final electrolytic cells then deposited high-purity Copper onto cathodes, a process that relied on a consistent and clean electrolyte composition to achieve "Grade A cathodic Copper."
Original photos courtesy of Jose Vazquez, diagram by Silvia. (Author: silvia)
COPPER RECOVER AND COPPER RICH SOL
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Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncurry, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
16 cm x 16 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncur -
Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncurry, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
16 cm x 16 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncur -
Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncurry, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
16 cm x 16 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncur -
Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncurry, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
16 cm x 16 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncur -
Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncurry, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
16 cm x 16 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncur -
Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncurry, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
16 cm x 16 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncur -
Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncurry, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
15 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncur -
Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncurry, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
15 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncur -
Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncurry, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
15 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncur -
Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncurry, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
15 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncur -
Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncurry, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
15 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncur -
Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncurry, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
15 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncur -
Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncurry, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
15 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Copper
Rocklands Mine, Cloncur -
Copper
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia
90 mm x 40 mm x 35 mm (Author: silvia)Copper
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubts -
Copper
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia
90 mm x 40 mm x 35 mm (Author: silvia)Copper
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubts -
Copper
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia
120 mm x 70 mm x 30 mm (Author: silvia)Copper
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubts -
Copper
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia
120 mm x 70 mm x 30 mm (Author: silvia)Copper
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubts -
Country Map Photo
The Northern Territory occupies the central position in the northern section of the Australian continent. Its coastline meets the Timor Sea, Arafura Sea, and the Gulf of Carpentaria to the north. To its west lies Western Australia, while South Australia forms its southern border. Queensland defines its eastern boundary. This diverse geography gives the Northern Territory ever changing landscapes, from tropical coastlines in the north to the arid desert regions in the south. The El Sherana mine is located in the South Alligator River valley region of the Northern Territory. The insert shows the geographical location of the Northern Territory in relation to the rest of the continent.
It is interesting to note that the term “Alligator†in reference to the Alligator Rivers’ Region of the Northern Territory and its three main rivers (East, South, and West Alligator), originated from a mistake made by Lieutenant Phillip Parker King. During his ground-breaking explorations between 1818 and 1822, he encountered numerous crocodiles in the estuaries of these rivers. In his journals, he noted the abundance of these large reptiles and mistook them for alligators, a species not indigenous to Australia. Thus he named the rivers "Alligator Rivers." Despite the scientific inaccuracy, the name stuck and is still used today to describe the region. (Author: silvia)
Country Map Photo The Northern Te
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Cuprite and Silver
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia
75 mm x 50 mm x 50 mm (Author: silvia)Cuprite and Silver
Rubtsovskoe -
Cuprite and Silver
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia
75 mm x 50 mm x 50 mm (Author: silvia)Cuprite and Silver
Rubtsovskoe -
Cuprite and Silver
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia
75 mm x 50 mm x 50 mm (Author: silvia)Cuprite and Silver
Rubtsovskoe -
Cuprite
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia
60 mm x 50 mm x 30 mm (Author: silvia)Cuprite
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubt -
Cuprite
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia
60 mm x 50 mm x 30 mm (Author: silvia)Cuprite
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubt -
Cuprite
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubtsovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia
60 mm x 50 mm x 30 mm (Author: silvia)Cuprite
Rubtsovskoe Mine, Rubt -
Cuprite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
(Author: silvia)Cuprite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Cuprite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
12 cm x 6 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Cuprite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Cuprite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
12 cm x 6 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Cuprite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Cuprite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitaca, Municipio Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico
12 cm x 6 cm x 4 cm (Author: silvia)Cuprite
Milpillas Mine, Cuitac -
Cylindrite
Santa Cruz Mine, Poopó, Poopó Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia
90 mm x 70 mm x 60 mm (Author: silvia)Cylindrite
Santa Cruz Mine, Po -
Cylindrite
Santa Cruz Mine, Poopó, Poopó Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia
90 mm x 70 mm x 60 mm (Author: silvia)Cylindrite
Santa Cruz Mine, Po -
Cylindrite
Santa Cruz Mine, Poopó, Poopó Province, Oruro Department, Bolivia
90 mm x 70 mm x 60 mm (Author: silvia)Cylindrite
Santa Cruz Mine, Po -
Diagram of the Main Mine Working
Diagram A shows a longitudinal section of the mine in terms of the relative positions of all the main adits and open cuts. Diagram B shows the relative positions of the open cuts and the underground workings. The extension of the 195 metre level that lies SW of the main open cut is directly beneath the 210 metre level. All structures have been referenced to height above sea level. These diagrams are based on unpublished reports, UUNL maps, private communications and UUNL company note books. (Author: silvia)
Diagram of the Main Mine Working
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Dolomite, Dravite-Schorl Series
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Dolomite, Dravite-Schorl Series
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portug -
DRILLING UNDERGROUND
In underground mines like Milpillas, specialized long-hole drill equipment was paramount for preparing rock for blasting. These powerful drills created deep, precise boreholes into which explosives were loaded. This allowed for controlled detonation, breaking up the ore body into manageable sizes for extraction, a crucial step in the mine’s production cycle.
On a daily basis, miners navigated a subterranean world where the primary target was high-grade Chalcocite, a crucial Copper sulfide ore found within the mine’s extensive enriched blankets. However, earlier operations, before the sulphide zone was reached, brought them face-to-face with a stunning array of secondary Copper minerals, particularly prevalent in the shallower, oxidized zones of the deposit. These encounters routinely included the visually striking blue Azurite and its verdant counterpart, Malachite, which often display intricate intergrowths or even pseudomorphic transformations. Furthermore, the miners commonly observed the lustrous red Cuprite and deposits of glimmering native Copper. While less frequent, other notable green Copper minerals such as Brochantite and the distinctive blue-green Chrysocolla might also be present, alongside occasional rare silicates, painting a vivid picture of the mine’s diverse mineral composition. The mine was well-known for producing exceptionally well-crystallized Volborthite, a rare Copper poly-vanadate, sometimes found on a matrix of Dickite or associated with Azurite and Malachite.
The photographs also highlight the relative scarcity of significant ‘collector-quality’ mineralized pockets conducive to specimen collecting. The Milpillas Mine, despite its economic prowess as a Copper producer, wasn’t uniformly “mineralogically rich†in the way some mineral collectors often dream. While extensive zones yielded abundant Copper ore, the frequent discovery of collector-quality Azurite and Malachite vugs, brimming with “splendent†crystals, was not an everyday occurrence. Like many commercial mining operations, Milpillas had its hot spots; certain areas provided significant quantities of high-grade Copper ore for the electrolytic plant, while others, some distinct from the primary ore body, provided treasure troves for exceptional mineral specimens. This dichotomy is a common reality in the world of mineral collecting, where the pursuit of stunning crystals often means sifting through vast amounts of economically viable yet aesthetically uninteresting ore.
When routine mining operations intersected mineralized veins and vugs, some large, containing exceptional Azurite and Malachite crystals, these occurrences were opportunistically exploited by ‘some workers’ as a means of illicit income supplementation. Penoles, the owners and operators of the mine, actively discouraged such unauthorized extraction, enforcing a strict policy of dismissal and potential criminal prosecution for apprehended individuals. Furthermore, any worker implicated in such illicit activities faced industry-wide blacklisting, effectively precluding future employment within the mining sector.
Initially, the value of these surreptitiously acquired specimens was nominal, commanding only a few pesos. However, the Internet facilitated a rapid increase in market awareness among the miners, who quickly discerned the substantial value placed on these “colored rocks†by International, particularly North American, dealers and collectors.
A NOTE ON “THIS-OR-THAT POCKET†NOMENCLATURE
The use of the term “pocket†to describe certain Milpillas mineral specimens, particularly in reference to their extraction point, transcends simple geographical identification. These labels, rather than being intrinsic descriptors understood by those who extracted the specimens, were often marketing tools designed to imbue the minerals with a specific allure. Those intimately familiar with the mine’s day-to-day operations understood that such terms were colloquialisms, not reflections of actual geological structures or mining methodology.
While official company documents certainly highlighted and celebrated areas with significant mineralization — often featuring stunning, perfectly formed crystals of Azurite, Malachite, and other Copper minerals — they deliberately avoided calling these spots “pockets.†Instead, they used more formal geological terms. Their descriptions focused on the geological structures controlling the mineralization, the types of rocks surrounding the minerals, and their exact mineral makeup. This intentional choice of language pointed to a clear difference between the casual, on-the-ground language used by some of the mine workers who opportunistically and illegally exploited the mineralized zones for personal profit and the precise, scientific terminology preferred in corporate and geological reports. It was likely an effort to keep all official communications consistent and scientifically accurate, ensuring a formal narrative throughout.
Original photos courtesy of Gonzáléz Sánchez (Author: silvia)
DRILLING UNDERGROUND In undergro
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El Sherana Mine Photo showing Adit
An old adit set into a hill at El Sherana, note tracks leading into an adit (perhaps the 195 metre level) and the visible water pipes and machinery, El Sherana, NT late 1950’s. (Photo courtesy of R. Fisher) (Author: silvia)
El Sherana Mine Photo showing Adit
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El Sherana Photo
Part of the El Sherana open cut ca. 1988. (Photo courtesy of BHP) (Author: silvia)
El Sherana Photo Part of the El S
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El Sherana Processing Plant
Photo showing part of the derelict remains of the El Sherana mine’s Gravity Separation Plant. The plant was constructed in 1956 to process the rich Uranium ore extracted from the nearby mines. Gimbat Road is in the background. (Photo courtesy of S. Kerber) (Author: silvia)
El Sherana Processing Plant Photo
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El Sherana Uraninite at the Australian Museum
Between 1961 and 1983 the Sydney based ‘Australian Museum’ proudly exhibited a huge specimen of El Sherana Uraninite. At the time it was the largest specimen of Uraninite ever recovered, and weighed approximately 850 kilograms. It measured 48 cm high and 46 cm wide. The specimen was recovered at El Sherana in May 1956. The potential radiation threat from this superbly wonderful and scientifically priceless specimen was thoroughly assessed by Health and Safety experts from the New South Wales Health Department. These experts stated and I quote “after measuring the amount of radiation from this big specimen, to obtain the maximum permissible dosage a member of the public would have to stand on the spot from where the specimen can be viewed for half an hour every day for the rest of his life. Therefore, the amount of radiation received by any member of the public from casual viewing is quite negligible.†– End of quote. As an additional precaution an exhaust fan was installed in the outside wall behind the specimen to remove the small amount of Radon emitted from the outer most surface (ca. 1-2 mm) of the specimen.
Sometime in the early 1980’s The Australian Museum gave the specimen to ANSTO for safe keeping at their Lucas Heights facility. According to ANSTO and its regulatory partner ARPANSA, the current location of the specimen is unknown.
Another similar, but smaller, specimen of Uraninite from El Sherana was displayed in the British Museum in London, but its current whereabouts is also unknown.
El Sherana Uraninite was dated at about 1800 Ma.
Before the El Sherana specimen was recovered, the previous weight record for a single specimen of Uraninite was held by the Shinkolobwe Mine in the Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Shinkolobwe specimen weighed 750 kilograms. (Original Photo courtesy of R. Chalmers) (Author: silvia)
El Sherana Uraninite at the Austra
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El Sherana West Photo
El Sherana West Open cut ca. 1963. The small open cut was set in some very steep terrain. Clearly visible in the background is the adit leading to the incline shaft which accessed the lower levels from which the bulk of the high grade Uraninite ore was extracted. In the foreground is a jeep bearing the logo of the United Uranium N.L. Company. (Photo courtesy of N. Murphy) (Author: silvia)
El Sherana West Photo El Sherana
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ENTRANCE TO THE MILPILLAS MINE
In the close-up photograph (ca. 2008), the entrance to the Milpillas Mine is clearly visible, a testament to its prominent presence. Even from approximately one kilometer away, as seen in the more distant image (ca. 2017), the mine’s entrance remains discernible. Looking at the lower photo, the impressive solar thermal plant at Milpillas comes into clear view. This facility, notably one of Mexico’s largest solar thermal plants, was constructed in 2016. It boasts a substantial collector area of 6,270 square metres and delivers an impressive output of 8,600 MWh/year. This innovative installation has played a crucial role in significantly reducing the mine’s reliance on diesel for its Copper electro-winning process.
The mine’s operational history was marked by a transition from easily accessible, high-grade oxide ores to deeper sulphide deposits. This shift, influenced by fluctuating Copper prices and geological realities, led to a temporary closure and subsequent reopening. This illustrates the inherent volatility and adaptive nature of the mining industry. Environmentally, the mine, like all extractive operations, faced challenges related to water use in an arid region and waste management. Socially, it contributed to local employment while navigating the broader complexities of large-scale industry within small local communities. Ultimately, Milpillas served as a reminder that mining, even when geologically exceptional, is a complex endeavor balancing economic gain with environmental responsibility and social considerations.
Copper mineralization at Milpillas was primarily hosted within altered intrusive rocks and, to a lesser extent, surrounding host rocks. The process began with the emplacement of a large, hydrous, and metal-rich magma at shallow to moderate crustal depths. As this magma cooled and crystallized, residual volatile phases, including water, sulfur, and metals like Copper, become progressively concentrated in the remaining melt. When the pressure of these exsolving fluids exceeded the lithostatic pressure, they were released, often explosively, through fractures and faults, forming a pervasive network of veins and disseminations.
These hot, acidic, and metal-laden hydrothermal fluids interacted with the surrounding rocks, leading to extensive hydrothermal alteration, such as potassic, phyllic, and argillic zones. As the fluids migrated and cooled, changes in temperature, pressure and pH, along with mixing with meteoric waters, caused the precipitation of Copper-bearing minerals.
Chalcocite underwent additional oxidation within the upper supergene zone. This process, driven by oxygenated waters, led to the dissolution of Chalcocite and the subsequent precipitation of various secondary Copper minerals. Notably, vibrant blue Azurite and green Malachite formed, often as stunning crystal specimens. Frequently, pseudomorphs were observed, where Malachite replaced Azurite while retaining its original crystal habit. Other secondary minerals, such as Cuprite and Brochantite, were also formed, reflecting the complex chemical transformations that occurred in this rich Copper deposit.
Original photos courtesy of Jaime Suberville (Author: silvia)
ENTRANCE TO THE MILPILLAS MINE In
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Ferberite, Arsenopyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
16 cm x 14 cm x 8 cm (Author: silvia)Ferberite, Arsenopyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Por -
Ferberite, Arsenopyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
16 cm x 14 cm x 8 cm (Author: silvia)Ferberite, Arsenopyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Por -
Ferberite, Arsenopyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
16 cm x 14 cm x 8 cm (Author: silvia)Ferberite, Arsenopyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Por -
Ferberite, Arsenopyrite, Quartz, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
16 cm x 14 cm x 8 cm (Author: silvia)Ferberite, Arsenopyrite, Quartz, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Cen -
Ferberite, Arsenopyrite, Quartz, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
16 cm x 14 cm x 8 cm (Author: silvia)Ferberite, Arsenopyrite, Quartz, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Cen -
Ferberite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
14 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm (Author: silvia)Ferberite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Cen -
Ferberite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
14 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm (Author: silvia)Ferberite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Cen -
Ferberite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
14 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm (Author: silvia)Ferberite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Cen -
Ferberite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
14 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm (Author: silvia)Ferberite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Cen -
Ferberite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
14 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm (Author: silvia)Ferberite, Chalcopyrite, Pyrite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Cen -
Ferberite, Muscovite, Quartz and Siderite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
16 cm x 14 cm x 10 cm (Author: silvia)Ferberite, Muscovite, Quartz and Siderite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Cent -
Ferberite, Muscovite, Quartz, Siderite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
16 cm x 14 cm x 10 cm (Author: silvia)Ferberite, Muscovite, Quartz, Siderite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, -
Ferberite, Quartz, Muscovite, Siderite
16 cm x 14 cm x 10 cm
(Author: silvia)
Ferberite, Quartz, Muscovite, Siderite
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Ferberite, Quartz, Muscovite, Siderite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
16 cm x 14 cm x 10 cm (Author: silvia)Ferberite, Quartz, Muscovite, Siderite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, -
FINAL THOUGHTS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Well this concludes, for now, my FMF journey into the heart of the Milpillas mine, a place that, for many, remains a fascinating enigma. What I presented was a mere synopsis, a fleeting glimpse into what truly constituted the day-to-day operations of a world-class mining endeavor like Milpillas. The discussions, diagrams and photographs presented for your enjoyment were carefully crafted with broad brush strokes, designed to give you a sense of the vast canvas that was Milpillas. Indeed, it felt at times as if so much was discussed, yet so little was actually revealed, leaving many questions lingering.
That deliberate restraint was, in part, due to the nature of most online forums. There are, quite simply, many aspects of the daily operation of mines like Milpillas, their remarkable people, and their unique practices that are not entirely appropriate for most online public forums in the modern era. The nuances, the challenges, the triumphs, and the sheer scale of human ingenuity at play demand a more considered and comprehensive presentation.
And therein lies the future. My core goal is to delve deeper into the stories of the mines I love, uncovering the finer details and finally sharing the untold narratives that simply couldn’t be fully explored before. This means a deep dive into every facet of these captivating sites, from their hidden complexities and geological intricacies to the profound, often overlooked human experiences that shaped them. I’ll illuminate the intersection of industry, environment, and individual lives, revealing the full, nuanced tapestry of these extraordinary places.
THE PROMISE
To truly bring this world to life, I’ve amassed hundreds of photographs – a visual chronicle born from my passion for science and people. Many have undergone meticulous digital rendering, ensuring they seamlessly complement the narratives. This is a labor of love, designed to transport you directly into the heart of the mines I’ve come to cherish.
Far from a mere catalogue or a dry academic thesis, this work offers a meticulously researched exploration, vibrantly illuminated by high-quality photographs, renderings, and drawings from my personal collection and travels. It celebrates the inherent beauty and intricate formations of these geological treasures. Beyond their aesthetic allure, I delve into the compelling stories behind the specimens in my collection, unveiling the history and operational characteristics of the mines that yielded them. These narratives are further enriched by the personalities who shaped these endeavors and the societies that nurtured their existence across the globe.
Adding a truly unique dimension, select minerals are paired with evocative poetry, digitally enhanced and restored 19th-century watercolour illustrations of their original mines, and watercolour-like depictions of the specimens themselves. Each element harmoniously bridges the gap between scientific appreciation and artistic interpretation.
THE AUDIENCE
This work isn’t just for mineral enthusiasts; it’s an invitation to explore the captivating world of minerals for everyone. While teachers will find it rich with deep insights and collectors a useful resource, my real aim is to engage everyday individuals who appreciate beauty, industry, and honesty.
For the curious mind eager to explore the often-hidden world of minerals, this resource is your guide. Delve into their scientific foundations, diverse industrial applications, fascinating origins, and significant societal impact. Writers and journalists, in particular, will find it an indispensable tool for in-depth research.
So enjoy - Naõ he pobre, senaõ o que se tem por pobre ..! (Author: silvia)
FINAL THOUGHTS AND FUTURE DIRECTIO
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Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series, Dolomite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series, Dolomite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, -
Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series, Marcasite/Arsenopyrite, Quartz, Dolomite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series, Marcasite/Arsenopyrite, Quartz, Dolomite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, -
Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series, Marcasite/Arsenopyrite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series, Marcasite/Arsenopyrite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, C -
Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Po -
Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Po -
Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Po -
Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Po -
Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm (Author: silvia)Fluorapatite, Dravite-Schorl Series
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Po -
Fluorapatite, Muscovite
11 cm x 6 cm x 5 cm
(Author: silvia)
Fluorapatite, Muscovite
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Fluorapatite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
11 cm x 6 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Fluorapatite, Muscovite
Minas -
Fluorapatite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
11 cm x 6 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Fluorapatite, Muscovite
Minas -
Fluorapatite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
11 cm x 6 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Fluorapatite, Muscovite
Minas -
Fluorapatite, Muscovite
Minas da Panasqueira, Aldeia de São Francisco de Assis, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Cova da Beira, Centro, Portugal
11 cm x 6 cm x 5 cm (Author: silvia)Fluorapatite, Muscovite
Minas
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